The first Artaxerxes is mentioned in Ezra 4:7 and appears identical with Smerdis, the Magian impostor and pretended brother of Cambyses, who usurped the throne, and reigned eight months.
In Nehemiah 2:1 we have another Artaxerxes. We may safely identify him with Artaxerxes Macrocheir or Longimanus, the son of Xerxes.